High Fructose Corn Syrup (HFCS) – A highly processed sweetener made from corn that contains a higher level of fructose than regular corn syrup. Often used in processed foods and drinks as a sugar substitute.

Partially Hydrogenated Oils – Oils that have undergone a chemical process to make them solid at room temperature, often used in processed foods to increase shelf life. These oils contain trans fats, which are harmful to heart health.

Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) – A flavor enhancer commonly used in processed foods, snacks, and takeout, that enhances the umami taste in food.

Artificial Sweeteners (Aspartame, Sucralose, Saccharin) – Synthetic sugar substitutes used to sweeten food and beverages without adding calories. They are much sweeter than regular sugar and are used in diet sodas and sugar-free products.

Sodium Benzoate – A chemical preservative used in acidic foods (like sodas, pickles, and fruit juices) to prevent spoilage, but may cause allergic reactions in some individuals.

Artificial Colors (Red 40, Yellow 5, Blue 1) – Synthetic food colorings used to give food a vibrant hue, commonly found in candies, soft drinks, and processed snacks. These may be linked to allergic reactions or hyperactivity in children.

Carrageenan – A thickening agent derived from seaweed, often found in dairy products, non-dairy milk, and deli meats. While it's natural, it may cause digestive discomfort for some people.

BHA and BHT (Butylated Hydroxyanisole and Butylated Hydroxytoluene) – Synthetic antioxidants used to preserve fats and oils in packaged foods, though they may have links to potential health risks, including cancer.

Sodium Nitrite – A preservative and color fixative used in processed meats (like bacon, hot dogs, and deli meats) to prevent bacterial growth. Excessive consumption can be linked to chronic health issues like cancer.

Propylene Glycol – A synthetic substance used as a humectant (to keep food moist) in a wide range of foods, from salad dressings to ice cream. It's also used in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals.

Natural Flavors – A broad term that refers to flavorings derived from natural sources (fruits, vegetables, spices), but can still include a wide range of chemicals and additives used in the manufacturing process.

Dextrose – A form of glucose derived from starch (usually corn) used as a sweetener, stabilizer, or thickening agent in processed foods.

Soy Lecithin – A common emulsifier used in processed foods, chocolate, and baked goods to help ingredients blend together smoothly.

Palm Oil – A type of vegetable oil derived from the fruit of the oil palm tree. It is commonly used in processed foods but is often criticized for contributing to deforestation.

Xanthan Gum – A thickening agent and stabilizer produced by fermenting sugars with a bacteria, commonly used in salad dressings, sauces, and gluten-free baked goods.

Citric Acid – A naturally occurring acid found in citrus fruits, used to add tartness and preserve food. It's commonly found in soft drinks, candies, and processed foods.

Calcium Propionate – A preservative used to extend the shelf life of bread and bakery products by preventing mold growth.

Modified Food Starch – A starch that has been chemically altered to improve its texture, consistency, or shelf life. It's often found in soups, sauces, and packaged foods.

Lecithin – An emulsifier that helps blend fats and water together in foods. It can be derived from soy, sunflower, or egg yolks and is commonly found in processed snacks, chocolate, and margarine.

Glucose-Fructose Syrup – Another term for high fructose corn syrup, commonly used in sugary drinks and processed snacks.